Fluoride is a naturally occurring mineral that strengthens tooth enamel and helps prevent tooth decay. We receive fluoride benefits through fluoridated drinking water and by using fluoride-containing toothpastes and rinses. For enhanced protection against cavities, your dentist may recommend a professional fluoride treatment.
Request an AppointmentHow Does Fluoride Work?
Tooth enamel is primarily made up of calcium and phosphate ions that form hydroxyapatite crystals, the hardest substance in the body. However, enamel can be damaged by acids produced by bacteria in plaque, which strip away these minerals in a process called demineralization. This weakens the tooth surface and increases the risk of decay.
Fluoride helps reverse this process by attracting calcium and phosphate ions from saliva to the tooth surface, rebuilding and strengthening enamel. It forms fluorapatite crystals, which are larger, stronger, and more acid-resistant than hydroxyapatite. This means fluoride not only repairs early damage but also makes teeth more resilient than before. Additionally, fluoride inhibits the growth of cavity-causing bacteria and reduces their acid production.
Systemic and Topical Fluoride
Fluoride works both internally and externally. Systemic fluoride is ingested through diet, primarily via fluoridated drinking water, which has been shown to reduce childhood cavities by 25% or more. This fluoride integrates into developing teeth, making them more resistant to decay even before they emerge.
Topical fluoride, found in toothpastes and mouthwashes, strengthens teeth directly by enhancing the protective qualities of saliva. For the most effective protection, dentists offer professional fluoride treatments applied directly to the teeth.
Fluoride Treatments Are Simple and Effective
Professional fluoride treatments are quick and easy to add to your regular dental checkups. Fluoride can be applied as a gel, varnish, foam, or rinse, using swabs, brushes, trays, or mouthwash. After treatment, patients are usually advised to avoid eating or drinking for about 30 minutes.
While fluoride treatments are especially beneficial for children, adults can also gain from them—particularly those with limited dexterity, receding gums, or dry mouth, all of which increase cavity risk.
Professional fluoride protection lasts for several months and can be repeated every three to twelve months as needed.
Fluoride treatments are a convenient way to strengthen teeth and prevent decay. Talk to your dentist to learn how fluoride can help protect your smile and your family’s oral health.