Gum Disease Overview

Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease or periodontitis, is a bacterial infection that affects the soft tissues surrounding your teeth. If left untreated, it can progressively worsen, eventually destroying the bone that supports your teeth. This bone loss can lead to loose teeth and, ultimately, tooth loss.

As gum disease advances, symptoms may include red, swollen, tender, or bleeding gums, receding gum lines, persistent bad breath, the formation of periodontal pockets, abscesses, widening gaps between teeth, and noticeable changes in your bite. When prevention is no longer possible—especially in advanced stages when damage becomes permanent—both nonsurgical and surgical treatment options are available to manage the condition and prevent further deterioration.

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Gum Disease Treatments

Treatment varies based on the severity and progression of gum disease, and may include nonsurgical or surgical approaches.

Nonsurgical Treatments

  • Antibiotics: Oral or topical antibiotics may be prescribed to target and eliminate bacterial infections.
  • Scaling and Root Planing (SRP): This deep-cleaning procedure removes plaque and bacteria from beneath the gum line and smooths the tooth roots to discourage further bacterial buildup. Local anesthesia is typically used for patient comfort.

Surgical Treatments

  • Flap Surgery: A periodontist lifts the gum tissue to access the tooth roots for thorough cleaning. If bone loss is present, the bone may be reshaped to support better hygiene and healing.
  • Dental Bone Grafts: In areas where bone loss has occurred, grafting material is placed to stimulate new bone growth and reinforce structural support for the teeth.
  • Gum Grafts: When gum recession is significant, tissue from the roof of the mouth or a donor source is grafted to rebuild the gum line and protect tooth roots.
  • Guided Tissue Regeneration: A specialized membrane is placed between the bone and tooth to promote bone regrowth while preventing unwanted tissue from occupying the space.
  • Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP): Using a sample of your own blood, platelet-rich plasma is isolated and applied to areas in need of regeneration to encourage faster healing and tissue regrowth.

With early detection and the appropriate treatment plan, many of the damaging effects of gum disease can be slowed or managed, helping you preserve your oral health and maintain a strong, healthy smile.